# Anglo-Saxon period
*The Anglo Saxon Period*
- 410 CE to 1066 CE
*The Anglo Saxon Period in English Literature*
- Literature and history are closely connected to the Anglo-Saxon period.
- This period is crucial for understanding England before and after the arrival of the Germanic Saxons, Angles, and Jutes.
- Understanding the Anglo-Saxon literature requires knowledge of the Celts and the Romans.
*England before the Anglo Saxon Period*
- The Celtic and Gaelic tribes
- The Celts
- Arrival and Fall of the Roman Empire in England (43 CE- 410 CE)
- The Dark Age in England (410 CE - 1066 CE)
*The Anglo Saxon Period*
- 410 CE to 1066 CE
- The Anglo Saxons were a group of Germanic tribes that ruled England from 410 CE to 1066.
- The Anglo Saxons practiced paganism and worshipped multiple deities such as Norse, Woden, Thunor, etc.
- The Anglo Saxon society was a rich society where loyalty was the single most important virtue.
- Marriages used to be political and practical affairs.
- Women in Anglo Saxon period held an integral position and were considered the weavers of both cloth and the society.
- They enjoyed hereditary rights to property and even owned kingdoms.
- The Anglo Saxons were great poets and were extremely fond of riddles.
- However, we must note that they did not record or write any of their works.
- Most of the poetry was meant to be sung and was orally transmitted from generation to generation.
- Most works were written later by the Roman monks who came to convert England to Christianity in the 6th century.
*Christianization of Anglo Saxon England (597 CE approximately)*
- Christianization of the pagan Anglo Saxon society began during the 6th century.
- In 597 CE, Augustine was sent by Pope Gregory to lead the mission of Christianization in the south of England and became the first archbishop of Canterbury.
- On the other hand, the Celtic monks Christianized northern England and Scotland.
- Christianization of England during the Anglo Saxon period had the following consequences:
- There had been no books before Christianity.
- The Runic alphabets of the Germanic tribes gradually replaced the Roman alphabets.
- Majority of the written literature was in Latin as it was the language of the Roman Church.
- The Anglo Saxon England gained presence and visibility in the mainstream Western European culture due to Latin.
*Invasion by the Vikings and King Alfred (793 CE)*
- The Vikings raided and attacked England in the year 793 CE of the Anglo Saxon period.
- Interestingly, they only raided and attacked monasteries as they were guarded by unarmed monks and were vulnerable but rich targets.
- During this time, all the monasteries and libraries housing rich Anglo Saxon literature got destroyed.
- All the damage incurred during the raids and attacks of the Vikings began to get restored during the reign of King Alfred from 848 CE to 899 CE.
- During this time of the Anglo Saxon period, monasteries were revived and English learning was encouraged.
- All the four volumes of Old English verses belong to this period.
- These four volumes are:
- The Junius Manuscript
- The Beowulf Manuscript
- The Vercelli Book
- The Exeter Book
*Anglo Saxon Period in English Literature or Old English literature*
- Features and Complete list of Works
- Characteristics of Anglo Saxon poetry and prose
- Anglo Saxon Heroic poetry
- Anglo Saxon Religious or Christian Poetry
- Lyrical Elegies in Old English literature
- Anglo Saxon Writers and their Works